21. A soap film with index of refraction greater than air is formed on a circular wire frame that is held in a vertical plane. The film is viewed by reflected light from a white-light source. Bands of color are observed at the lower parts of the soap film, but the area near the top appears black. The correct explanation for this phenomenon would involve which of the following?
I. The top of the soap film absorbs all of the light incident on it; none is transmitted.
II. The thickness of the top part of the soap film has become much less than a wavelength of visible light.
III. There is a phase change of

for all wavelengths of light reflected from the front surface of the soap film.
IV. There is no phase change for any wavelength of light reflected from the back suface of the soap film.
(A) I only
(B) II and III only
(C) III and IV only
(D) I, II, and III
(E) II, III and IV